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Hong Kong Advance Level Examination

AS Liberal Studies

Project

Year of Examination: 2003

Candidate Number:

Module: Environmental Studies (module Code: B3)

Project Title:

¡§Clean Hong Kong campaign has been launching since 1972. However, the effectiveness of it is still unsatisfactory. take Sham-shui-po as an example, conduct a survey with the residents to see how they can think towards the cleanliness of the streets, to find out what is the real situation is there, the causes of the problems and the ways that can be used to turn the environmental blackspots clean again.¡¨

	Page #
1. introduction	3-5
2. objectives	6
3. methodology	7-8
4. limitations	9
5. results	10-29
6. analysis	30-33
7. conclusion	34
8. recommendations	35-36
9. personal learning	37
10. appendix	38-55
11. bibliography	56
12. project log

Introduction

"We will launch a new Clean Hong Kong Campaign at the end of the year to help bring about an overall improvement to our city environment." ¡V as announced by Hong Kong¡¦s Chief Executive in his Year 2000 Policy Address. http://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/pa00/p12e.htm ( paragraph 14 )

The objective of the Clean Hong Kong program is ¡§to bring about visible and sustainable improvements on the ground through both active cleansing operations and public education and publicity efforts.¡¨ (See Appendix #1.1)

With effect from May 27, 2002, the Fixed Penalty System is in work of which officers from 7 different government departments are authorized by law to prosecute citizens (Rubbish bugs) or organizations littering, mistreating unwanted materials, etc. (See Appendix #1.2) For instance, the standardized penalty for littering is HK$600.

However, is the Clean Hong Kong really successful as some may claim it to be? Take the cases happened in Christmas 2002 and Lunar New Year 2003 outside the Hong Kong Cultural Centre. Regardless the possible prosecution, a lot of people still littered, turning the fountain outside the Centre into a Rubbish pond. (See Appendixes 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 & 1.7) Does it mean that the government has not paid enough effort in educating the public or simply because of the uncivil-minded of the citizens? ...

In this project, issues relating to the topic of the Clean Hong Kong Campaign are included.

Objectives

The objectives of this research are to:

1. Find out the details of the Clean Hong Kong Program by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, with the focus of the new round campaign and the Fixed Penalty System;

2. Search for relevant information relating to the Clean Hong Kong Campaign;

3. Conduct a survey with citizens living in Sham-shui-po to find out their opinions to the Clean Hong Kong Campaign, as well as their recommendations to it;

4. Find out the real situation in Sham-shui-po

5. Take 3 photographs relating to the topic acting as supporting materials to this project;

6. Analyze the results of the survey conducted with Sham-shui-po citizens;

7. Rule out the weaknesses of the Clean Hong Kong Campaign;

8. Give recommendations to the Clean Hong Kong Campaign.

Methodology

In order to make this research possible and workable, the following investigation methods are to be used:

1. By site-visit

i. A site-visit to Sham-shui-po is to be made to find out the real situation, in terms of cleanliness.

>>>ILLUSTRATION 1

Location of Sham-shui-po

2. Photo-taking

i. Three photos are to be taken, acting as supporting materials to this research. Also, they might be founded as reference pictures for other similar studies in the issue.

3. By conducting a survey

i. This type of interview is to be organized to meet with citizens in Sham-shui-po. Their opinions to the effectiveness of the Clean Hong Kong Program are to be unveiled (Refer to Appendix 2 for a sample of the questionnaire Set).

4. By collecting relevant information

i. Relevant information is to be sought from channels other than the three stated in above. For instance, web pages, newspapers, magazines, books and etc.

Limitations

The greatest limitation of doing this project was that my photo-taking skill was poor, causing the photos which I had taken were of poor quality. Therefore, I should learn the basic photo-taking skills.

Besides, another limitation was that I did not know how to draw charts and graphs by computer. I need to spend a lot of time referring to computer books teaching people how to create charts and graphs using computer. Therefore, I should understand well the way to draw computer charts and graphs beforehand.

Results to the Questionnaire Set

In July 2002, an on-street interview was conducted in Sham-shui-po successfully with 74 local citizens studying their knowledge, attitude and opinions to the introduction of the $600-penalty system, as well as to the performance of the Clean Hong Kong Program as a whole. Here are the results to the survey. (Refer to Appendix 2 for a sample of the Questionnaire Set)

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Background information of the interviewees

^^^GRAPH 1

a) Gender of the 74 interviewees

^^^GRAPH 2

b) Age group of the interviewees

Questions

1. Do you know the Fixed Penalty System charging the rubbish bug has been introduced by the government? *GH3

2. By what means did you know the implementation of the Fixed Penalty System by the government? (The interviewee can choose more than one option.) *GH4

3. Is there any improvement in terms of environment when compared with days when the Fixed Penalty System was not yet in force? *GH5

4. What pubic area(s) do you think the cleanliness of the environment is/are still unsatisfactory? (The interviewee can choose more than one option.) *GH6

5. In the past month, have you seen people littering? *GH7

6. In the past month, have you seen people spitting? *GH8

7. In the past month, have you seen people pasting advertisements illegally? *GH9

8. Have you ever seen people being prosecuted for littering? *GH10

9. Do you think the number of rubbish bins is enough? *GH11

10. Type(s) of rubbish being seen the most on street¡K *GH12

11. Apart from the FEHD, do you know there are still 6 other government departments have rights to prosecute rubbish bugs? *GH13

[i]

12. Heard of FEHD officials being attacked by Rubbish bugs? *GH14

13. What¡¦s your evaluation on the performance of the law enforcers? *GH15

14. Do you think the government has paid enough effort in educating citizens to clean Hong Kong? *GH16

15. How do you view the Fixed Penalty System of charging Rubbish Bugs $600? *GH17

16. Do you think the System can have effect to deter people from littering *GH18

Analysis

Ø It was found that the advertising of the implementation of the Fixed Penalty System by the government was very successful. Not surprisingly, all the interviewees said they know the new policy of charging $600 for littering. This can also be explained by the extensive coverage of this issue by the mass media. For instance, news programs and newspaper reports. (See Appendix 1.6 for examples of government advertisements)

Ø The introduction of the Fixed Penalty can improve the cleanliness of the environment. Most interviewees said the environment has improved since the System is in force. This is the success of the Clean Hong Kong Campaign so far.

Ø However, the situations in some area are still far from satisfactory. The most serious ones are Back streets and gardens. The authorities concerned should paid more attention on this point.

Ø In spite of the possibility of being charged for $600, many interviewees said they have seen people littering, spitting and pasting advertisements illegally in the past one month, i.e. July 2002. The Fixed Penalty System is effective from May 27^th 2002, which means all those people they saw were actually breaking the law. This may imply that the law enforcing bodies do not carry out their duties fully in combat of Rubbish Bugs.

Ø The survey suggests that the number of rubbish bins is enough. However, further improvements can also be made to help solve the problem, such as increase the capacity of each rubbish bin and put more rubbish bins with larger size in urban areas, especially in times of special events.

Ø Despite there is a general improvement in the environment in terms of cleanliness, several kinds of rubbish are being most frequently be thorwn out by people. They are Cigaratte ends, Soft drink cannnes and advertisements. It is quite sure that it is not caused by the inadequency of rubbish bins, but be caused by the bad habbit of the citizens. The Government should do more on educating the general public of the need to protect the environment and be civil minded.

Ø The survey also indicates that most citizens do not know well of the details of the Fixed Penalty System. Only few can point out that there are seven government departments of which the officials have the rigthts to prosecute the Rubbish Bug. This may suggest that the advertising done by the government was too shallow, it misses the details. This may also suggest that the number of government departments which have rights to prosecute the Rubbish Bug is too many. The problem can be solved by reducing the number of departments having the rights to prosecute the offenders.

Ø It is also found that here exists a group of people who dislike the law enforcers. Most said that they know FEHD officials being attacked by citizens. This may imply the law is being too strict or the officials cannot fairly carry out their duties. A report (See Appendix 1.8) by Singtao Daily even found out that there exists a mechanism of appreciating those FEHD officials who can prosecute the highest number of Rubbish Bugs. It is sure that problems exist in this mechanism. This may cause unfairness. Some officials may not prosecute people according to the regulations. The authority concerned has to abolish this mechanism at once in order that the confidence to the performance of the department would be rebuilt.

Ø In addition, a report by ATV has also discovered that here exist many HKHA officials who do not undertake their duties in fighting Rubbish Bugs. They patrol the public garden in Shek Kei Mei Public Estate for Rubbish Bugs only when they had noticed that there are television cameras pointing at them. This has found that a large amount of deprtment officials other than the FEHD are actually not fulfilling their duties to prosecute Rubbish Bugs. This may be reasons why citizens still think that ¡¥Gardens¡¦ and other similar public areas are not satisfactory in the cleanlinesss of the environment. Lazyness of some officials is a major drawback of the Clean Hong Kong Campaign. The problem can be solved by having regular check on the performance the officials and increase the channels for the general public to report officials who do not fully undertake their duties and report enivironmental blackspots.

Ø Generally speaking, the penalty is set on a reasonable level. Most people agree that the Fixed Penalty System can act as a deterrent to people who litter. Few even think that the penalty should be set at something above $600. This has been one of the successes of the Clean Hong Kong Program as our streets are really cleaner since the introduction of the Fixed Penalty System.

Conclusion

Despite some of the drawbacks of the Clean Hong Kong Campaign, the new round Campaign is quite successful. Our environment is improved generally. However there are still areas for further improvements, inadequent education of the public to the need to protect the environment is being an area for improvement. The government should constantly review the Program, keeping the good ones while leaving the unreasonable or poor ones. It is predicted that the Clean Hong Kong Campaign will improve the image of Hong Kong, which in the end boosts the tourist industry. The prospect is bright and positive.

Recommendations

1. Increase the number of street cleaners in areas of environmental blackspots, including the graden and back streets. This would turn the environmental spots into clean again.

2. Reduce the number of authorized departments. By focusing on the FEHD, officials assigned would become specialist of prosecuting Rubbish Bugs. Resouces from the government would be centralized and used more effectively and efficiently. This can also tell the public that the government is not having a very strict law to prosecute the Rubbish Bug. This can correct some of the thinkings by the public that the implementation of the Fixed Penalty System is to increase governemt revenue or distract peoples¡¦ attention from other social unrest.

3. Monitor the performance of the prosecutors. In addition to self-monitoring by the department itself, more channels for complaints should be made. By doing so, the confidence of the repective departments by the citizens would be rebuilt.

4. Increase the size of rubbish bins and put much larger rubbish bins in urban areas, especially in times of big events. This can remove the pretext of some citizens claiming inadequent rubbish bins are the reason for littering. This can prevent incidences happended outside the Cultural Centre in the 2002 winter.

5. Better education. More education to the public of the need to protect our environment should be made. This can help raise the level of civil-mindness of the public in hope that everyone will not litter and put rubbishes into rubbish bins, or even recycle them. The current recycling program done by the government is surely not enough. Therefore, education to all ages is essential in solving the problem off-rootly.

It is hoped that the above pieces of advice could be useful in keeping Hong Kong Clean.

Personal Learning

After conducting this project, I know the difficulties in working out a research project, from cradle to crater. It is no easy for just a single individual to have it done on his own. However, I have never given in. Finally, I have overcome those difficulties so that this research project can be published. It is really not an ABC job.

*

One remarkable experience I think I should point it here is that, the difficulty and the embarrassment in asking people who you do not know to reply to my questionnaire. In the very beginning, as I had only surface experience in doing it, it seems that difficulties are always with me. However, after several not-so-successful attempts by me, everything seems to be alright.

*

Moreover, from the typing of this project, I know how to create graphs and charts by computer. I do think this skill can be useful to me in the future, both in academics and at work.

Appendix #1.1 --- Objective of the Clean Hong Kong program

(http://www.info.gov.hk/cleanhongkong/en/about_cleanhongkong/index.html)

Appendix #1.2 --- Ordinances and regulations relating to the introduction of the ¡§Fixed Penalty System¡¨

Fixed Penalty (Public Cleanliness Offences) Ordinance (Cap. 570)

The Ordinance, passed by the Legislative Council in July 2001, cover offences including littering, spitting, unauthorised display of bills or posters, and dog fouling in public places. Any person in breach of the provisions will be liable to a fixed penalty of $600.

The enforcement departments include the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department; Leisure and Cultural Services Department; Housing Department; Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department; Environmental Protection Department; Marine Department and Hong Kong Police Force.

Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap. 132)

The Ordinance empowers the Secretary for the Environment and Food to make regulations to provide for prevention and control of litter or waste. It also provides for the removal of litter or waste from any places. Any person who does not comply with the notice served on him to remove the litter or waste is liable to a fine at Level 2 ($5,000) and daily penalty of $300.

Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation (Cap. 132, sub. leg.)

The Regulation provides for the control of dumping and removal of litter or waste in public places, and littering from specified vehicles. Offender is liable to a fine at Level 4 ($25,000) and to imprisonment for 6 months. The offender may also be liable to an additional fine of $300 per day for continued breach.

Currently, Foremen of the Cleansing Teams, as well as Health Inspectors and staff of Hawker Control Teams of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) are responsible for taking anti-littering enforcement actions. Various grades of staff in the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), Fire Services Department (FSD), Highways Department (HyD), Housing Department (HD), Marine Department (MD) and Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) are also authorized under the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap. 227) to issue "Notice to Appear Before a Magistrate", commonly known as Form 1A, to offenders who have committed offences under this Regulation.

Country Parks and Special Areas Regulations (Cap. 208, sub. leg.)

The Regulations control littering in country parks and special areas (i.e. Government land with high conservation and educational value designated by the Chief Executive under S.24 of the Country Parks Ordinance (Cap. 208) such as Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve and Ma Shi Chau Special Area). Offender is liable to a fine of $2,000 and to imprisonment for 3 months. The offender may also be liable to an additional fine of $100 per day for continued breach. Enforcement is currently done by Country Park staff of AFCD.

Summary Offences Ordinance (Cap. 228)

The Ordinance controls littering and dumping of waste in public places, Government property and private property. Offender is liable to a fine of $500 or to imprisonment for 3 months.

It also controls littering into the waters of Hong Kong. Offender is liable to a fine of $10,000 and to imprisonment for 6 months.

The Police are responsible for taking enforcement actions against general littering and dumping under this Ordinance. Enforcement actions against marine littering are done by Marine Inspectors and a few grades of staff of MD. Various grades in FEHD, AFCD and LCSD are also authorized under the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap. 227) to prosecute marine litter offenders.

(http://www.info.gov.hk/cleanhongkong/en/know_your_responsibilities/penalties.html)

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>>>SOURCE

http://www.singtao.com/search/fullstory4print.asp?andor=or&year1=2001&month1=12&day1 =30&year2=2003&month2=1&day2=30&category=a&id=20020103a03&keyword1=©U§£&keyword2=

Appendix #1.4: ¤j °£ ¤i ¶î ¾~ ¥² ¾D ©ë ±± ( ¬P ®q ¤é ³ø ³ø ¹D ) ¦y ¨F ¼L ¦b ¸t ½Ï °² ´Á ÅÜ ¦¨ ©U §£ ±^ ¡A ¤S ¾D ¥« ¥Á J ¶Ã ¶î ¾~ ¡A ¬° ¹K ¤î °£ ¤i ©] ¨Æ ¥ó « ºt ¡A ´ä ©² ¨M ©w ±À ¥X ¡u ¤C ©Û ¡v ¡A ¥H ¨¾ ±w ¥¼ µM ¡A °£ ¥[ ±j «Å ¶Ç ¡B ÄY ¥´ ³c ½æ ¼Q ¾¯ ¤p ³c µ¥ ¥~ ¡A ĵ û ¹J ¦³ ¥« ¥Á ÀH ¦a ©ß ©U §£ ¡A ·| ¥ý ÄU ³ë ©M ĵ §i ¡A Y ¹ð ÄU ¤£ §ï ªÌ ·| ³Q ±a ªð ĵ ¸p ½Õ ¬d ¡A ¦Ü ©ó ¶î ¾~ ªÌ ¡A ¥² ©w ·| ¾D ÀË ±± ¡C             ´ä ©² ¤» Ó ³¡ ªù ¡A ¥] ¬A ĵ °È ³B ¡B ¥Á ¬F ¨Æ °È ¸p ¡B ªÀ ·| ºÖ §Q ¸p ¡B ±Ð ¨| ¸p ¡B ±d ¤å ¸p ©M ¹ Àô ¸p ¡A ¬Q ©ó ¶} ·| «á ©w ¥X ¦h Ó ¤è ®× ¡A ¥] ¬A ÄY ¥´ ¤p ³c ¡B ¥[ ±j «Å ¶Ç ¡B ¨Ã ·| ¦b ¦y ¨F ¼L ¤@ ±a ¥[ ¬£ ¤H ¤â ¡A ¸T ¤î ¤p ³c ³c ½æ ¼Q ¾¯ ¡A °È ¨D ´î ¤Ö ¥« ¥Á Äâ ±a ªº ¾÷ ·| ¡C ¦Ü ©ó ¦b °õ ªk ¤W ¡A ĵ ¤è ±N ±Ä ¨ú ¥ý ÄU ³ë ¡B «á ĵ §i ¡A ©I Æ~ ¥« ¥Á ¤£ n ¶Ã ©ß ©U §£ ¡A Y ¹ð ÄU µL ®Ä ¡A ´N ·| ±Ä ¨ú ©ë ®· ¦æ °Ê ¡Q ¬G ·N ¥Î ¼Q º£ ¶î ¦Ã ¤½ ª« ªÌ ¡A ¥² ©w ·| ¾D ÀË ±± ¡C ¹ï ©ó ¸t ½Ï °² ´Á ¤º ¡A ·í §½ ¥¼ ¦³ µo ¥X ¤@ ±i §i ²¼ ¡A ³Q ÁÖ ½× §å µû °õ ªk ¹L ¤À ¼e ÃP ¡A ¸p ²z ±d ¤å ¸p °Æ ¸p ªø °¨ ±Ò ¿@ ±j ½Õ ¡A ·í §½ ¤£ ·Q ¯} Ãa ¥« ¥Á ¦b °£ ¤i ©] ªï ±µ ·s ¦~ ¿³ P ¡A ¦ý ¥ç §Æ ±æ ¥« ¥Á ¦³ ¤½ ¼w ¤ß ¡C ¡u °£ ¤i ©] ¬O ´¶ ¤Ñ ¦P ¼y ªº ¤é ¤l ¡A ¦ý À³ ¸Ó ¨ú ±o ¥ ¿Å ¡A ºÉ ¥i ¯à Åý ¥« ¥Á ¨É ¨ü ¸` ¤é ®ð ª^ ¤§ ¾l ¡A °õ ªk ¤W ¤] ¤£ n ¹L ¤À ÄY V ¡T ¡v ¦Ü ©ó ¦U ³¡ ªù ¥[ ¬£ ¦h ¤Ö ¤H ¤â ¡A °¨ ªí ¥Ü ¡A ¤´ ¦³ «Ý ¬ã ¨s ¡C             ¥t ¥~ ¡A ¦³ «ü ´ä ©² ¦U ³¡ ªù ±À ¨ø ³d ¥ô ¡A °õ ªk ¥X ²{ ¤j ²V ¶Ã ¡C °¨ ªí ¥Ü ¡A ÀË ±± ÀH ¦a ¥µ ©U §£ ¤Î ©ë ®· µL µP ¤p ³c ¡A ¥D n ¥Ñ ¹ Àô ¸p t ³d ¡A ¦ý ¦Û ¤µ ¦~ ¤¤ ·s ªk ¨Ò ³q ¹L «á ¡A ´ä ©² ¦h ¹L ³¡ ªù §¡ ¥i ¦V ©U §£ ÂÎ µo ¥X ©w ÃB »@ ´Ú ¤» ¦Ê ¤¸ ªº §i ²¼ ¡C ¦Ü ©ó ÀË ±± ¶î ¦Ã Àð ¾À ªÌ ªº ³d ¥ô ¡A «h ¥æ ¥Ñ ĵ °È ¤H û t ³d ¡A ¥L §_ »{ ¦U ³¡ ªù ¯Ê ¥F ·¾ ³q ¡C             ¥L «ü ¥X ¡A ´ä ©² ¥ç ±o ¨ì ¦h Ó §Ó Ä@ ¹Î Åé ¨ó §U ¡A ¬£ ¥X ¬ù ¤ ¤Q ¦Ü ¤@ ¦Ê ¦W ¡u ·R Å@ ¤½ ª« ¤j ¨Ï ¡v ¡A ©ó °£ ¤i ©] ·í ±ß ¦Ü ²Ý ¤é ¦ ¤W ¡A ¦V ³~ ¤H ÄU ³ë ·R Å@ ¤½ ª« ¡A ¨Ã ·| ¨ó §U ²M ²z ©U §£ ¡C             ± ¹ï ¦U ¬É §å µû ¥» ´ä ¤½ ¥Á ±Ð ¨| ¤£ ¨¬ ¡A ±Ð ¨| ²Î Äw §½ §½ ªø §õ °ê ³¹ »{ ¬° ¡A ¨C Ó ¤H ³£ ¤£ ·Q ¦b ¡u ©U §£ ±í ¡v ùØ ¥Í ¬¡ ¡A ¤½ ¥Á ±Ð ¨| ¦³ »Ý n ¥[ ±j ¡A ¦ý °£ ¤F ±Ð ¨| ¬É ¦³ ³d ¥ô ¥~ ¡A ®a ªø ¥ç À³ ¸Ó ¥H ¨ §@ «h ¡C ¡u ¤÷ ¥À À³ ¸Ó ¦³ ®a ±Ð ¡A ¥H ¨ §@ «h ¡A °µ ¤÷ ¥À ¥ç À³ ·Q ¤@ ¤U ¡A ±Ð ¥J ¤k ±Ð ±o ¦n ¤£ ¦n ¡T ¡v ¤µ ¦~ ¥ ¦w ©] ¹L «á ¡A ¦y ¨F ¼L ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß ¤@ ±a ¡A ¦@ ³B ²z ¤Q ¤T ¾· ©U §£ ¡A ¸û ¥h ¦~ ¦h ¥X ¤T ¾· ¡A ¬O ²Î p ¥H ¨Ó ¡A ÀË Àò ³Ì ¦h ©U §£ ªº ¤@ ¦¸ ¡C

¦b¥¦w©]³Q¡u¦Ê¹½¬P¡v¶î¦Ãªº

(http://www.singtao.com/search/fullstory4print.asp?andor=or&year1=2000&month1=12&day1=29&year2=2003&month2=1&day2=29&category =a&id=20021228a04&keyword1=&keyword2=)

Appendix #1.5 --- ¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ßÅÜ©U§£±^

¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ß ÅÜ©U§£±^ «C¤Ö¦~¤í¤½¼w¤ß
12¤ë 26 ¬P´Á¥| 02:00 §ó·s

¡i©ú³ø±M°T¡j¥«¥Á¤í¤½¼w¤ß¥[¤W·í§½À˱±©U§£ÂΤ£ÄY¡A¦y¨F¼L¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ß¼s³õ¦b¥¦w©]Åܦ¨©U§£±^¡A13¾·©U§£º¡¦aº¡¦À¬Ò¬O¡A¤¤¤ß¥~Àð¤Î¾ð¤ì¥ç³Q«C¤Ö¦~¥Î¼Q¾¯¶î¦Ã¡A¡u¬¡¹³ªü´I¦½¾Ô³õ¤@¼Ë¡v¡A¦³¤H§óµh¤ß¯e©I¡u³o´N¬O±Ð¨|¬ÉªºªíªíªÌ±Ð¥X¨Óªº¦~«C¤@¥N¡v¡T²M¼ä»´äµ¦¹º©eû·|¦¨û¤Î¥ßªk·|ijû§¡¾á¤ß°£¤i©]±¡úG·|§ó´c¦H¡A´°«P¬F©²¥¼¨Ó¼Æ¤éÄY¼FÀ˱±¡A¥H¦¬ªýÀ~§@¥Î¡C

±d¤å¸p¬Q±áÁö¬£¥X30¦W¤u¤H¾ã¤Ñ²M¼ä¡A¦ý¤J©]«á¤H¸s¦A¦¸»E¶°¡A¼s³õªº»êż±¡úG¤S¥´¦^ì§Î¡]¸Ô¨£¥t½Z¡^¡C

¹Àô¸p¨Sµo1±i§i²¼

¹Àô¸pµo¨¥¤H¬Q©Ó»{¡A¥¦w©]¦bªo¦y©ô°Ï½T¨Sµo¹L¤@±i¶Ã©ß©U§£§i²¼¡A¦ý¥L§Æ±æ¥«¥Á©ú¥Õ¦b¤H¸s¤j¶q»E¶°¦aÂI¡An°õªk±½¿º¤p³c©Î©U§£Âη|¦³§xÃø¡A©Î¤Þ°_½Ä¬ð¡C

µo¨¥¤H±j½Õ¡Aªñ¤é¨ä¹ê¤w¦h¦¸ÅX»°¼s³õ¤ºªº¤p³c¡A¥ç¦Ò¼{©ó±N¨Óªº¸`¤é¥[±jÀ˱±¶Ã¥á©U§£ªÌ¡C±d¤å¸p«h±N©ó°£¤i©]¥[±j©IÆ~¤Î¨µ¬d¡A¥[³]¤j«¬©U§£±í¡A¨Ã¥[±j»Pĵ¤è·¾³q¡C

¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ß¼s³õ«×¹L¤F¤£¥¦wªº¥¦w©]¡A¬Q¤é«é¦p¨a³õ¡Rº¡§G¼Q¾¯ªÅÅø¡Bº·¥ú´Î¡B¨T¤ôÅø¡B¯È®h¡Q¤ô¦ÀÃä´²¸¨¤F¤@¦a¥´¸Hªºªá¬Ö¡A¤Q¦h´Ê´ÄÃq¾ð·F¡A¤]³Q¼Q¤F¦UºØÃC¦â¦r¥y¡A´X¥GµL¤@ƧK¡C

¡u§A¬Ý¬Ý¦a¤U¡A¦n¹³ªü´I¦½¾Ô³õ¤@¼Ë¡A»´äªº¤½¥Á±Ð¨|´N¬O³o¼Ë¡T³o´N¬O±Ð¨|¬ÉªºªíªíªÌ±Ð¥X¨Óªº¦~«C¤@¥N¡T¡v¤@¦WºÞ²zû»¡¡C

ÃÀ³NÀ]¡B¤ÓªÅÀ]¤Î¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ßµ¥«Ø¿vª«ªº¥~Àð©M¬Á¼þµ¡¡A«hÅܦ¨¤j²³µeªO¡Aº¡¬O¶î¾~¡A¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ßÀð¾À¤W§óºÃ¾D¤H¼Q¤W^¤å²Ê¤f¡C

¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ß¼s³õ¦b¥¦w©]¦@²£¥Í13¾·©U§£¡A¸û¥h¦~¿E¼W¤T¦¨¡A¦³²M¼ä¤u¤H¦ôp©|»Ý¨â¤Ñ¤~¯à§¹¥þ²M²z¡C¦³¤k³~¤H¹Ä®§¡R¡u§Ú¤£©ú¥LÌ¡]«C¤Ö¦~¡^¬°¦ó¦³©U§£±í«o¤£¥Î¡A´Nºâ¥u¬OŪ¹L¤p¾Ç¡A¤]À³¦³³oºØª¾ÃÑ¡T¡v

ijû«P°£¤i¥[±jÀ˱±

¥ßªk·|ijû³Ò¥Ã¼Ö¤Î§õµØ©úªí¥Ü¡A²z¸Ñ¹Àô¸p¦b¥¦w©]¤£À˱±©U§£ÂΡA¥i¯à¬O¦]¾á¤ß¤H¸s±¡ºü¿E°Ê¡A¦ý¨â¤H§¡«ü©U§£°ÝÃD¤ÓÄY«¡A¥²¶·ÄYÃg¡C³Ò¥Ã¼Ö«Øij¸p¤è¥i¦b¥¼¨Ó¼Æ¤Ñ¥ý¦æ¥[±jÀ˱±©U§£ÂΡA¨Ã³z¹L¶Ç´C¤Î®ü³ø¨Æ¥ý«Å´¡u°£¤i¶Ã©ß©U§£¥²³QÀ˱±¡vªº¥ß³õ¡C

¤å¤Æ¤¤¤ß¤W¦¸¾D¼É·¤Ö¦~¿äÆn¬O¤µ¦~1¤ë1¤é¡]°£¤i«á¡^¡A·í®É¦³2000¬Ö®â¾D¯}Ãa¡AÁÙµo¥Íĵû¯A´xºQ¤Ö¦~ªº¡u·s¦~§Ö¼Ö¡v¨Æ¥ó¡C

¤½¥Á±Ð¨|©eû·|©eû¨f§Ó»·«ü¥X¡A³s¦ê¨Æ¥ó¤Ï¬M¤£¤Ö«C¤Ö¦~¯Ê¥F¤½¼w¤ßݨã¯}Ãa©Ê¡A¥L¾á¤ß¦Aµo®i¤U¥h¡A¸`¤é¼y¯¬¥i¯àºtÅܦ¨Ä̶áC¥L»{¬°¹Àô¸p¹L¥h¹ïÀ˱±¡u³B²z±o¤ñ¸û¼eÃP¡v¡A¥á©U§£¤Î¶î¾~¥i¯à¬O¦~»´¤H¦b¸s²³¤ß²z¤U·P¨ì¦³¤O¶q¬D¾Ô¨î«×¡C

>>>SOURCE

http://hk.news.yahoo.com/021225/12/otu1.html)

Appendix #1.6 --- Selected Government advertisements (transcripts)

1. Your Children

Twinkle Twinkle little flies¡K Up above the trash so high¡K

Cigarettes are on the floor¡K Tissues Plastic bags and more¡K

Twinkle Twinkle lots of flies¡KUp above the trash so high¡K

¡§What kind of environment do you want your children to grow up in?¡¨

(http://www.info.gov.hk/cleanhongkong/download/chk_kid_eng.mpg)

2. This Week¡¦s Specials

Retractable umbrella $600¡K Stylish nylon carrier $600¡K

Express lunchbox $600¡K Paper notice 600¡K

Curry fish-balls $600¡K Banana skin 600¡K

Tissue, cigarette butt, canned drink, barbecue fork 600 [ii]

All $600 each! All items $600! ...

Littering Fixed Penalty of $600. Effective from May 27th.

(http://www.info.gov.hk/cleanhongkong/download/supermarket_pre_english.mpg)

3. Celebration tips for Festive Events

Tip 1: Check the weather before going out¡K

Tip 2: Dress appropriately¡K

Tip 3: Do warm up exercises before watching fireworks¡K

Tip 4: Don¡¦t litter¡K

Tip 5: Don¡¦t leave your Newspaper, Plastic bags or any Trash behind¡K

And remember, have fun!

(http://www.info.gov.hk/cleanhongkong/download/1_multipart_xF8FF_2_Festivities.mpg)

Appendix #1.7 --- ¤H¼é´²¥h ©U§£®ü¦A²{

¡i ©ú ³ø ±M °T ¡j ¤j ¦~ ªì ¤G ¨ì ¦y ¨F ¼L Æ[ ½à ·Ï ªá ªº ¥D n ¬O §ß ¦Ñ Äâ ¥® ªº ¥« ¥Á ¡A ¼Q ³· ¤Î ¶î ¾~ ªº ±¡ úG ¨S ¦³ « ²{ ¡C ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß ¬Q ±ß ¨S ¦³ ¬° ÀJ ¶ì ¤Î ´Ä Ãq ¾ð ¥] ¤W ½¦ ¯È ¡A §ï ¬° ¦b ¼s ³õ ªº ¤Ñ ¾ô ±¾ ¾î ÃB ¡A ©I Æ~ ¥« ¥Á ·R Å@ ¤½ ª« ¡A ¦ý ¦¨ ®Ä «o ¤£ ¹ü Åã ¡A ÀH þÓ ¶× ºt §¹ ²¦ ¤Î ¤H ¼é ´² ¥h ¡A ®ü ®Ç ¤Î ¼s ³õ ¨Ì µM ¥X ²{ ¤F ¤@ ¤ù ¡u ©U §£ ®ü ¡v ¡C

¿ò ¤U ªº 5 ¾· ©U §£ ¤¤ ¥H ³ø ¯È ¦û ³Ì ¦h ¡A ¬Û «H ¬O ¥« ¥Á ¦b µ¥ ©ñ ·Ï ªá ®É ¥Î ¨Ó ¹Ô þÓ §¤ ªº ¡A ¡u ´² ³õ ¡v «á «o ¨S ¦³ ±a ¨« ¡Q ¨ä ¦¸ ¦h ªº ¬O ¹ ª« ©Î ¶¼ «~ ¥] ¸Ë ¯È Åøµ¥ ¡C

·s ¾ä ¤¸ ¥¹ ¤é ¡A ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß ¼s ³õ ´¿ ¦] ¤p ÄÌ °Ê ¦Ó »Ý ²M ³õ ¡A ĵ ¤è ¬Q ±ß ¤] ¤£ ´± «å ºC ¡A ¥X °Ê ¤F 1000 ¤H ¦b ¦y ¨F ¼L ºû «ù§Ç ¡A ²{ ³õ ¥i ¨£ ĵ ¤è 5 ¤H ¤@ ¶¤ ¡A ¨C Ó ¦a ÅK ¯¸ ¤f ¤] ¦³ 10 ¦h ¦W ĵ ¹î ¾n ¦u ¡C

¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß ½d ³ò ¬Q ¤é ÄY ¸T Â\ ½æ ¡A ¤£ ¤Ö ©ì þÓ ¯È ½c ©M ¨® ¥J ªº ¤p ³c ¦b ¼s ³õ ¥~ ³ò ±r «Þ ¡A °Q ½× ¦b · Án ºò ¤U È ¤£ È ±o ¤@ ³Õ ¡C ¼s ³õ ¤º ¤] ¦³ ¤T ¨â ¤p ³c ®³ þÓ ¤p ¶q º· ¥ú ´Î ©Î ¤p ÃÌ ³¹ ¡A ¨« ªñ ¨ ¨Ó §C Án °Ý ¡u ¶R ¤£ ¶R ¡v ¡A ¤Q ¨¬ ¤Q ¡u ¦a ¤U ¶R ½æ ¡v ¡C

¥ ¤é Â\ ÀÉ ´À ®È «È ©ç ·Ó ªº Äá ¼v ®v ³£ ¶· ´£ ¦ ¦b ¤U ¤È 4 ®É ¦¬ ÀÉ ¡A ¦³ ÀÉ ¥D ©ê «è ¬O ¶µ ±¹ ¬I ¥O ¥L ¤Ö ÁÈ ¤F 700 ¤¸ ¡C

·Ï ªá ¶× ºt «á ¡A ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß ¤H ¼é ´² ¥h ¡A ¤j §å ¡u ¹Ô §¤ ¡v ªº ³ø ¯È ¿ò ¯d ¦b ¦a ¤W ¡C ±d ¤å ¸p ¬Q ±ß ±q ¤å ¤Æ ¤¤ ¤ß ¦@ ¦¬ ¶° ¤F 5 ¾· ©U §£ ¡C ¡] ³Á ¥ü Â× Äá ¡^

>>>SOURCE

http://www.mingpaonews.com

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Appendix 2 --- Questionnaire Set

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¤f 22·³ ¦Ü 30·³ ¤f 31·³ ¦Ü 50·³ ¤f 51·³ ©Î ¥H¤W

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2.	±z±q¨º¸Ì±oª¾¬F©²¤w¹ê¬I¡u¶Ã©ß©U§£©wÃB»@´Ú¤»¦Ê°A¡v¡H(¥i¿ï¦h¹L¤@¶µ)	¤f ¬F©²¹qµø¼s§i ¤f ¦¬µ¾÷ ¤f ·s»D¸`¥Ø ¤f ³ø¯È ¤f Âø»x ¤f ¤¬Ápºô ¤f ¿Ë¤Í ¤f ¦Ñ®v ¤f ¨ä¥¦
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14.	±z»{¬°¬F©²¦b±Ð¨|¥«¥Án¡u²M¼ä»´ä¡vªºµ{«×¨¬°÷¶Ü¡H	¤f¡@¨¬°÷ ¤f¡@¤£¨¬°÷
15.	±z¦p¦ó¬Ý¡u¶Ã©ß©U§£©wÃB»@´Ú¤»¦Ê°A¡v¡H	¤f¡@»@´ÚÃB¾A¤¤¤Î¦X²z ¤f¡@»@´ÚÃB¹L§C ¤f¡@»@´ÚÃB¹L°ª
16.	±z»{¬°¡u¶Ã©ß©U§£©wÃB»@´Ú¤»¦Ê°A¡vªºªýÀ~¤O¨¬°÷¶Ü¡H	¤f¡@¨¬°÷ ¤f¡@¤£¨¬°÷

¡Õ°Ý¨÷§¹¡Ö

Bibliography

Local Newspapers:

1. Singtao Daily

2. Mingpao Daily

3. Singpao Daily

4. Oriental Daily

Televisions

1. ATV HOME: ®É¨Æ°lÀ»

2. RTHK: Hong Kong Connection

Websites:

1. Official Site for Clean Hong Kong Campaign: http://www.info.gov.hk/cleanhongkong/en/

(Word Count: 8053

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[i] FEHD refers to the ¡§Food and Environmental Hygiene Department¡¨.

[ii] Disclaimer: All transcriptions are produced by the author of this project. Motion captures are authorized to use freely by the HKSAR Government.